The institutes of English grammar, methodically arranged :

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160 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE XIII. They would neither go in themselves, nor suffered others to enter.

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This mixed and erroneous construction of the participle, is a great blemish in the style of several English authors. It is at best a useless anomaly, which it is always easy to avoid; as, "Inattention to this rule is the cause of a very common error.'

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162 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. govern an object after them. The following sentence is therefore inaccu- rate: "When Caius did any thing unbecoming his dignity."

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-After verbs of beginning, omitting, and avoiding, some writers employ the participle in English, though the analogy of general grammar evidently requires in such cases the infinitive or a noun; as, "It is now above three years since he began printing."

If these examples are good English, (for the point is questionable,) the verbs are all intransitive, and the partici- ples relate to the nominatives going before, as in the text quoted in the pre- ceding observation.

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164 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. have a clear reference to the proper subject of the being, action. or passion.

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166 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. EXCEPTION SECOND. The word amen, which is commonly called an adverb), is often used inde pendently at the beginning or end of a declaration or prayer; and is itself a prayer, meaning, so let it be.

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NOTE VII-A negation, in English, admits but one nega- tive word: as, "I could not wait any longer"-not, "no longer."

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168 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. the negative, and still convey the same meaning: "He hath grieved me but in part."

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170 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. OBS. 6.-The conjunction that is frequently understood; as, "Thou warnst me [that] I have done amiss."

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172 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Under Note 4. Neither despise or oppose what you do not understand.

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174 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. OBS. 9.-Two prepositions sometimes come together; as, over against Westminster-abbey."

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The Latin and Greek grammarians, therefore, made this interjection the sign of the vocative case; which is the same as the nominative put absolute by address in English.

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176 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. OBS. 3.-"Interjections in English have no government."

In order to show that we have parsed any part of an inverted or difficult sentence rightly, we are at liberty to declare the meaning by any arrangement which will make the construction more obvious, provided we retain both the sense and all the words unaltered; but to drop or alter any word, is to pervert the text, and to make a mockery of parsing. Grammar rightly learned, ena- bles one to understand both the sense and the construction of whatsoever is rightly written; and he who reads what he does not understand, reads to little purpose. With great indignity to the muses, several pretenders to grammar have foolishly taught, that, "in parsing poetry, in order to come at the meaning of the author, the learner will find it necessary to transpose his language."

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178 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 1 De sparingly indulged. It is in general less agreeable than the regular form: as, Hicks for Hicks's-Barnes' for Barnes's.

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180 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Under Note 4.. Their healths perhaps may be pretty well secured.

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182 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. He that is idle and mischievous, reprove sharply.

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184 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. It is not me that he is angry with.

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The da- tive case, or oblique object which they governed as Saron verbs, becomes their proper object, when taken as English prepositions; and in this also they appear to be alike.

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186 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Let that remain a secret between you and I.

Who first parsed the infinitive in this manner we know not; the doctrine is found in several English grammars, one of which, written by a classical teacher, was published in London in 1796.-See Coar's Grammar, 12mo. p. 263. OBS. 2.-Most English grammarians have considered the word to as a part of the infinitive; and, like the teachers of Latin, have referred the government of this mood to a preceding verb.

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But, according to the grammars, it may stand for a noun in all the six cases; and many have called it an indeclinable noun. See the Port Royal Latin and Greek Grammars; in which several peculiar constructions of the infin- itive, are referred to the government of a prepositio.

-The preposition is an indeclinable word placed before the nouns, pronouns, and verbs, which it governs."-Perrin's Gram- mar, p. 152. "Every verb placed immediately after an other verb, or after a preposition, ought to be put in the infinitive; because it is then the regimen of the verb or preposition which precedes."

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188 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE XXIII. Ought these things be tolerated ?

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190 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. • FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE XXV. Him having ended his discourse, the assembly dispersed.

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192 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. assumed as a fact, requires the indicative mood."

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194 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Let thy flock clothe upon the naked.

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196 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. In his letters, there are not only correctness, but elegance, Opportunity to do good is the highest preferment which a no- ble mind desires.

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-In the foregoing pages, the principles of syntax, or construc- tion, are supposed to be pretty fully developed; but there may be in com- position many errors of such a nature that no rule of grammar can show what should be substituted. The greater the inaccuracy, the more difficult the correction; because the sentence may require a change throughout.

It is unfortunate for youth, that a volume of these incorrigible sentences might be culled from our grammars! Examples of false syntax cannot embrace what is either utterly wrong in thought, or utterly unintelligible in language; for the writer's meaning must be preserved in the correc- tion, and where no sense is discovered, particular improprieties can never be detected and proved.

Lowth says, "The adjective in English, having no variation of gender and number, cannot but agree with the substantive in these respects."

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198 ENGLISH GRAMMAR and, "Pronouns must always agree with their antecedents, and the nouns for which they stand, in gender."

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200 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him,' Who art thou?

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202 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. LESSON IV.-POETRY. Then palaces and lofty domes arose; These for devotion, and for pleasure those.

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204 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. What is a sentence? What are the principal parts of a sentence?

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206 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The favourites are generally the objects of the envy.

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208 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Scotland and thee did in each other live.

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210 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. EXERCISE VI.-PARTICIPLES. What dost thou mean by shaking of thy head?

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212- ENGLISH GRAMMAR, What is it else but to reject all authority?

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They ride faster than us. Which of them grammars do you like best? Neither of these are the meaning intended.

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214 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Whom do men say that I am? Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it towards the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.

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216 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Let neither partiality or prejudice appear.

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218 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. PART IV. PROSODY. PROSODY treats of punctuation, utterance, figures, and versification. .PUNCTUATION.

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220 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. tion, they should not be separated by the comma; as, spair and anguish fled the struggling soul."

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222 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 2. "United, we stand; divided, we fall." 3.

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224 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. moth fluttering incessantly round the candle: man of pleasure, behold thy image." - RULE II.

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226 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. RULE I. INTERJECTIONS. Interjections and other expressions of great emotion, are gen erally followed by the note of exclamation; as, 66 "O!

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228 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 15. [1] The Crotchets generally enclose some correction or explanation, or the subject to be explained; as, "He [the speaker] was of a different opinion." 16. [] The Index points out something remarkable. 17. [*] The Asterisk, [†] the Obelisk, [‡] the Double Dagger, and [] the Parallel, refer to marginal notes.

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FIGURES. A Figure, in grammar, is an intentional deviation from the ordinary form, construction, or application, of words.

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230 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. II. Prosthesis is the prefixing of an expletive syllable to a word; as, adown, appaid, bestrown, evanished, yclad,-for down, paid, strown, vanished, clad.

There never can be either a general uniformity or a self-consistency in our methods of parsing, or in our notions of grammar, till the true nature of an ellipsis is clearly ascertained; so that the writer shall distinguish it from a blundering omission that impairs the sense, and the reader be barred from an arbitrary insertion of what would be cumbrous and useless.

Thus, with equal absurdity, Cardell and Sher- man, in their Philosophic Grammars, attempt to confute the doctrines of their predecessors, by supposing ellipsis at pleasure.

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232 ENGLISH GRAMMAR earth!""There shall not be left one stone upon an other that shall not be thrown down."

Figures of this kind are commonly called Tropes. * Deviations of this kind are, in general, to be considered solecisms; other- wise, the rules of grammar would be of no use or authority. Despauter, an ancient Latin grammarian, gave an improper latitude to this figure, under the name of Antiptosis; and Behourt and others extended it still further.

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234 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. -1 i. e. the youth she loved." They smote the city;" i. e. cutr zens.

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236 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The principal English feet are the Iambus, the Trochee, the Anapest, and the Dactyl. 1.

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-VERSIFICATION. 237 With solemn adoration down | they cast Their crowns inwove | with amarant | and gold. This is the regular English heroic. It is, perhaps, the only measure suitable for blank verse.

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238 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 2. Trochaic of Five feet. Virtue's bright'ning ray shåll | bēam för | ēvěr.