The institutes of English grammar, methodically arranged :

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76 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. than burnt; penned, than pent; absorbed, than absorpt; spelled, than spelt; smelled, than smelt.

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78 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Present. Preterit. Imp. Participle.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR. + -In the preceding list, those preterits and participles which are pre- terapie, and best supported by authorities, are placed first.

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But it does not follow that the English participles divide time, like the tenses of a verb, and specify the period of action; on the contrary, it is certain and manifest that they do not.

We have assigned them a separate place among the parts of speech, because experience has shown that it is expedient to do so. OBS. 3.-The English participles are all derived from the root of their respective verbs, and do not (like those of some other languages) take their names from the tenses.

[See remarks on the Participles, in the Port- Royal Latin and Greek Grammars.] CLASSES. English verbs have severally three participles; which have been very variously denominated, perhaps the most accurately thus: the Imperfect, the Perfect, and the Plu- perfect.

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$2 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The Second or Perfect Participle is always simple, and is regularly formed by adding d or ed to the radical verb: those verbs from which it is formed otherwise, are inserted in the list as being irregular.

But the application of a name is of little consequence, so that the thing itself be rightly understood by the learner. Grammar should be taught in a style at once neat and plain, clear and brief.

It is hardly necessary to add, that the terms perfect and imper- fect, as thus applied to the English participles, have no reference to time, or to those tenses of the verb which are usually (but not very accurately) named by these epithets.

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The letter is written." ". "-Murray's Grammar, 8vo. p. 65. "The first [participle] expresses a continuation; the other, a completion."

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84 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Adjectives are generally placed before their nouns; participles, after them.

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86 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. LESSON I. He returns. She mourns.

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88 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. CLASSES. Adverbs may be reduced to four general classes: name ly, adverbs of time, of place, of degree, and of manner.

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90 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. tences in construction, and to show the dependence of the terms so connected: as, Thou and he are happy, because you are good.

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92 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. sometimes three) for an adverb, two for a conjunction, one for a preposition, and two for an interjection.

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94 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Small transgressions become great by frequent repetition; as small expenses, multiplied, insensibly waste a large revenue.

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96 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. What is an adverb ?-How is this exemplified?

-NOUNS. What are Genders in grammar? How many genders are there, and what are they called?

the neuter gen- der? What are Cases in grammar? How many cases are there, and what are they called?

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What is Comparison in grammar? How many, and what are the degrees of comparison?

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98 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. What is an active-transitive verb ?

-VERBS. What are Tenses in grammar? How many tenses are there, and what are they called?

What is an auxiliary in grammar? What verbs are used as auxiliaries? LESSON XIII.

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100 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. How many definitions are here to be given for each part of speech?

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102 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. parative adverbs of increase: delightful, comfortable, agreeable, pleasant, fortunate, valuable, wretched, vivid, timid, poignant excellent. 5.

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104 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 5. Insert suitable prepositions in the place of the following dashes: Plead-the dumb.

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106 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. connected by or or nor, it must agree with them in the singular number.

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108 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. EXAMPLE PARSED. "This enterprise, alas!

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110 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Which, now, of these three [men,] thinkest thou, was neigh- bour unto him that fell among the thieves?

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112 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The fair sex, whose task is not to mingle in the labours of public life, have their own part assigned them to act.

-Hist. of Ireland. The English people showed that they were not insensible to what was passing in Ireland.

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114 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. LESSON XII.-RULE IX. If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; if he be thirsty, give him water to drink.

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116 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The pleasures of sense resemble a foaming torrent; which, after a disorderly course, speedily runs out, and leaves an empty and offensive channel.

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118 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Nature, how in every charm supreme!

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120 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot, f. the fresh instruction o'er the mind, To breathe the enlivening spirit, and to fix Το pour The generous purpose in the glowing breast.

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122 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. RULE I-ARTICLES. "At Articles relate to the nouns which they limit: as, a little distance from the ruins of the abbey, stands an aged elm."

Such examples, however, may be supposed elliptical; and, if they are so, the article, in English, can never be placed after its noun, nor can two articles ever properly relate to one noun, in any particular construc- tion of it.

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124 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. name, the article should be repeated: as, "A black and a white horse"-i. e. two horses, one black and the other white.

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I have both the large and small grammar. Are both the north and south line measured?

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126 ENGLISH GRAMMAR, Under Note 5. leon was an other sort of a man.

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128 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. RULE III-APPOSITION. A Noun or a personal Pronoun used to explain a pre ceding noun or pronoun, is put, by apposition, in the same case: as, "But he, our gracious Master, kind as just, Knowing our frame, remembers we are dust."

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130 ENGLISH GRAMMAR Resolve me, why the cottager and king, Him whom sea-sever'd realms obey, and him Who steals his whole dominion from the waste, Repelling winter blasts with mud and straw, Disquieted alike, draw sigh for sigh.

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132 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. cede a plural one; as, "One hundred men"-" Every six weeks"" One seven times."

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134 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. I disregard this minutiæ. Those kind of injuries we need not fear.

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136 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Under Note 14. Did either of the company stop to assist you ?

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-The general usage of the French is like that of the English, you for thou; but Spanish, Portuguese, and German politeness requires that the third person be substituted for the second.

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138 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. "A dauntless soul erect, who siniled on death.”

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This construction of the relative is a Latinism, and very seldom used by the best English writers. 4. Possessives by Rule 19th; "The chief man of the island, whose name was Publius

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140 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. "The enemy having his country wasted, what by himself and what by the soldiers, findeth succour in no place."

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142 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. such, nor convert it properly into an abstract.

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144 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. The friend who was here, and that entertained us so much, will never be able to visit us again.

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146 ENGLISH GRAMMAR The convention then resolved themselves into a committee of the whole.

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148 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Neither Sarah, Ann, nor Jane, has performed their task.

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150 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. We was disappointed. She dare not oppose it.

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152 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. at first supposed; and believe shall still be able to meet all my engagements.

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154 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 1 . OBS. 2.—In Greek and Latin, the verb frequently agrees with the nearest nominative, and is understood to the rest; and this construction is sometimes improperly imitated in English: as, Νυνὶ δὲ ΜΕΝΕΙ πίστις, ἐλπὶς, ayán, rà Toìa Tavra.

p. 155

In imitation of this construction, some English writers have sub- stituted with for and, and varied the verb accordingly; as, "A long course of time, with a variety of accidents and circumstances, are requisite to produce these revolutions."

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156 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Under Note 1. Wisdom, and not wealth, procure esteem.

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And the best scholars have sometimes improperly imitated this construo tion in English; as, "He comes-nor want nor cold his course delay.

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158 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. • may assume the first place; as, Edgeworth.